Jerome+Bruner+Biography


 * JEROME BRUNER: 1915 - **
 * QUOTES FROM HIS BOOKS: [] **

WEBSITE SOURCES: [][]

__**Major Literary Works: **__
 * The Process of Education (1960)
 * The Culture of Education (1996)

__**Life Work: **__
 * Born in 1915 in New York City
 * dubbed as the "New Look," they explored perception from a functional orientation against a process to separate from the world around it
 * Chaired an influential ten day meeting of scholars and educators at Woods Hole on Cape Cod in 1959
 * 1963: received the Distinguished Scientific Award from the American Psychological Association
 * Served as president in 1965
 * Received his A.B. degree at Duke in 1937
 * Received his Ph.D in 1947 from Harvard
 * Worked in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University from 1952-1972.
 * Howard Gardner worked under him at one point in time
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Taught at Oxford from 1972-1979
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Currently at New York University of Law as a senior research fellow

__**<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Educational Theory: Constructivism **__ <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Founding father of the theory
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Constructivism is a broad theory, and Bruner represents one ideological component
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Bruner's constructivism asserts that students "construct new ideas or concepts based on existing knowledge" and that "learning is an active process" (from article "Jerome Bruner: Constructivism and Discovery Learning")
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">selection, transformation of information, decision making, generating hypotheses, and making meaning from information and experiences
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Emphasizes the idea of categorizing in order to learn
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">quote: "To perceive is to categorize, to conceptualize is to categorize, to learn is to form categories, to make decisions is to categorize"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Influenced by Piaget's theories involving childhood cognitive development from the 1940s
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">needs, motivations, expectations and the influence on perception
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Key Themes as a result of Bruner's work
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">structure in learning: relationships between factual elements and techniques of teaching
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"readiness for learning" and spiral curriculum
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">building on ideas over and over again; elaborating on them in order to build more understanding and eventually mastery of the information
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">motivation for learning: interest is the best motivation for learning a concept
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">he did not sympathize with "external competitive goals such as grades or class ranking"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">educators should encourage "intuitive and analytical thinking"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Growth and Change in his Ideology
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Vygotsky's theories and writings influenced him to look at education through a more social and political lens
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">the influence of social components on cognitive development
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">social devices he considered: "joint attention, mutual gaze, and turn-taking"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Darwinian influence
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">publishing of The Culture of Education in 1996, which shows his changes in ideology
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"culture shapes the mind and provides raw material with which we constrict our world and self-conception"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Major Features of Bruner's Theory of Instruction
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Predisposition to learn: "experiences which move the learner toward a love of learning in general"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Structure of knowledge: "it is possible to structure knowledge in a way that enables the learner to most readily grasp the information"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Modes of representation: visual, words, symbols
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Effective sequencing: "sequencing, or lack of it, can make learning easier or more difficult"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Four Characteristics of Effective Instruction according to Bruner
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Personalized
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Content Structure
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Sequencing
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Reinforcement
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Theories of Cognitive and Intellectual Development
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">First stage: Enactive
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">learns about the world around them through doing actions on physical objects and observing or being involved in the outcomes of those actions
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Second stage: Iconic
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">learning is achieved through "models and pictures"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Third stage: symbolic
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">learner begins to think in abstract terms
 * WEBSITE SOURCES: [] __[]__ **

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 * [[image:jerome_bruner_1.jpg caption="Jerome Bruner"]] ||
 * Jerome Bruner

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 * [[image:http://www.tc.columbia.edu/i/media/marx_lect.jpg caption="Reaching Out: Jerome Bruner"]] ||
 * Jerome Bruner

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